Knife and Dangerous Driving Crimes The WritePass Journal

Knife and Dangerous Driving Crimes 1.1 Introduction Knife and Dangerous Driving Crimes : 200). It is difficult to offer a valid sentence to cases involving serious injury and death due to small culpability involved. More so, cases usually involve momentary concentration loss as well as large degree of harm. Accident victims are also faced with life changing harm and injuries. Knife crime offenses will also feature any form of harassment, threat or possession of dangerous objects. The present has argued for and against the new offense proposal and highlighted some of the benefits. Thus, knife crime and dangerous driving cases should be handled with caution due to the newly introduced offenses. 1.2 Summary The government believes that dangerous driving should be dealt with appropriately and criminal law should be fully implemented. The proposal will greatly influence the statutory obligations as outlined in Equality Act 2010 (UK Government 2010). The proposal will apply to everyone in UK for dangerous driving. This implies that there is no direct discrimination in the 2010 Act. The new proposal will also apply both to those with a shared protected characteristic as well as those who do not share a certain protected characteristic (UK Government 2012). In analysis, individuals who share a set of characteristics are more likely to be convicted than those who do not share certain characteristics. The proposal has also considered differences in sex, race and age. The new proposal ensures that there is a proportionate response to address cases of dangerous driving in an effective manner. The proposal also includes the disabled with no serious adjustments. The main aim of the proposal is to include all the parties indiscriminately. The type of sentence for the disabled will solely depend on the seriousness of the injury as it may elicit positive effect on the disabled due to their actions (Shapland and Bottoms 2009: 90). More so, the new proposal is not an avenue to victimization and harassment. The government is satisfied with the changes to the offenses as it will reflect equality and foster good relations. 1.3 Benefits of the proposal Increasing the sentence term to 5 years will empower the judges to reflect on serious impacts of dangerous driving. The families and victims of serious accidents may be relieved by the changing trends in dangerous driving cases. More so, the society may feel relieved by the level of punishment fostered by the CJS (Shapland et al 2013: 190). It implies that the number of offenses will reduce due to deterrent effect. The scale of deterrent effect is mixed as well as the existing evidence. This has therefore hindered the quantification of the offense. The new proposal will not victimize drivers who have not committed any dangerous driving offense. The offenders in the new proposal will be entitled to three main verdicts. The verdicts are categorized into options. The first option prescribes no action on the offenders (UK Government 2010). This implies that there will be change under this option. The costs incurred and the benefits accrued from the option will be zero. In addition, option 1 is mandated to create a novel offense by inflicting injury due to dangerous driving. The creation of a new offense will automatically lead to extra cost with creation of a new offense of serious dangerous driving. It is difficult to identify number of cases that have resulted to serious injuries. The proposal has alluded to charges s.20 Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH) which estimates the number of serious dangerous driving cases (UK Government 2010). For instance, there were 20 cases involving GBH and dangerous driving where the defendants were charged accordingly. Serious injuries were caused as exemplified by introduction of GBH charges. The su ccess of conviction in this case is limited by the level and intent of carelessness. The level and intent of carelessness does not affect the new offense thus it is estimated that 20 cases will be convicted every year. The cases will lead to increase in the number of prisons from a sentence period of 1 year to 3 years (Shapland 2010: 343).   This implies that the marginal cost on MOJ will be  £ Im. The creation of the novel offense will imply that the sentence term increase from 2 years for dangerous driving and 14 years for causing death. This will imply that the courts will effectively deal with dangerous driving cases. The new offense will allow courts to exercise justice and end spectrum of careless and dangerous driving (UK Government 2010). The courts will instill a feeling of relieve on the victims of dangerous driving and their families. The new proposal will increase the term jail from a maximum of 2 years to 5 years for dangerous driving. It is evident that increasing maximum term sentence will generally drag sentences in the scope of dangerous driving as the courts will perceive that seriousness of the offences have increased. This will also imply that a significant increase in sentence term will increase demand for more prison places. However, the new offense will allow the courts to account for serious injuries caused by dangerous driving. 1.4 Knife crime The novel proposal has amended the offenses against threatening and possession of a pointed or sharp article. The law does not grant an excuse to anyone found in possession of a bladed or sharp article. The new proposal also seeks to clearly express that offense lobbied against possession will act as an alternative if the defendant is acquitted of the offense (Shapland 2012: 78).   The new proposal ensures that any person in possession of a knife is acquitted despite threatening or endangering others. 1.5 Mitigation and justification The purpose of these amendments is to ensure that the resultant impacts are justified in a proportionate manner to achieve the legitimate aim of the law. The law aims at effectively addressing consequences related to dangerous driving. However, increase in term sentence would not be appropriate as it will bear more physical injury on the offenders (UK Government 2010). The new offense will also apply to those already convicted of the charges. In any case offenders may be punished in form of consortium, fines or imprisonment. Punishment can also occur in three stereotypical forms of fines, prison and probation. The Federal sentencing Act justifies utilitarianism where punishment is a form of social goal or serves a certain purpose (UK Government 2010). Retributive theory justifies punishment for the committed immorality. The new proposal acts in accordance with retributive and utilitarian theories as the offense provide three options of charges based on the seriousness of the crime. Punishment in knife crime and dangerous driving is justified as the prosecution will weigh the intensity of the crime and the carelessness of the driver.   The prosecution also considers the fate of the victims and their families. 1.6 Conclusion There are several changes in knife crime and dangerous driving crimes. The changes have adhered to the retributive and utilitarian theories. The new provision has offered three options of charges on the offenders in these cases. The changes will greatly impact the prisons. The novel provisions will also instill discipline among drivers as the charges are non-discriminatory. The changes will also provide a sigh of relieve to the victims and their families. Execution of the new offenses will also empower judges due to increase in term sentence. Generally, knife and dangerous driving crimes will effectively bring normality on the roads. Bibliography Shapland, J. (2010) ‘Reflections on Social Values, Offending and Desistance Among Young Adult Recidivists’, Punishment and Society, 15(2). Shapland, J. (2012). The Quality of Probation Supervision-A Literature Review. Sheffield: Centre for Criminology Research. Shapland, J. and Bottoms, A. (2009).Steps towards Desistance: the Potential Role of Criminal Justice Support.Paper to the European Society of Criminology conference, Liege. Shapland, J., Robinson, G. and Sorsby, A. (2013) Restorative Justice in Practice.London: Routledge. UK Government. (2012). Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012. Norwich: The stationery Office.

Profile of the Prehistoric Archelon

Profile of the Prehistoric Archelon Name: Archelon (Greek for ruling turtle); pronounced ARE-kell-on Habitat: Oceans of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (75-65 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 12 feet long and two tons Diet: Squids and jellyfish Distinguishing Characteristics: Leathery shell; wide, paddlelike legs About Archelon Dinosaurs werent the only animals that grew to immense sizes during the late Cretaceous period. At a whopping 12 feet long and two tons, Archelon was the one of the largest prehistoric turtles that ever lived (it used to be on top of the charts, until the discovery of the truly stupendous Stupendemys of South America), about the size (and shape, and weight) of a classic Volkswagen Beetle. By comparison with this North American behemoth, the largest Galapagos tortoises alive today weigh a little over a quarter of a ton and measure about four feet long! (The closest living relative of Archelon, the Leatherback, comes much closer in size, some adults of this seagoing turtle weighing close to 1,000 pounds.) Archelon differed significantly from modern turtles in two ways. First, its shell wasnt hard, but leathery in texture, and supported by an elaborate skeletal framework underneath; and second, this turtle possessed unusually wide, flipper-like arms and legs, with which it propelled itself through the shallow Western Interior Sea that covered much of North America about 75 million years ago.  Like modern turtles, Archelon had a human-like life span as well as a nasty bite, which would have come in handy when tussling with the giant squids that constituted the bulk of its diet. One specimen on display in Vienna is thought to have lived for over 100 years, and probably would have survived much longer if it hadnt asphyxiated on the sea floor. Why did Archelon grow to such an enormous size? Well, at the time this prehistoric turtle lived, the Western Interior Sea was well-stocked with the vicious marine reptiles known as mosasaurs (a good example being the contemporary Tylosaurus), some of which measured over 20 feet long and weighed four or five tons. Clearly, a speedy, two-ton marine turtle would have been a less appetizing prospect to hungry predators than smaller, more pliable fish and squids, though its not inconceivable that Archelon occasionally found itself on the wrong side of the food chain (if not by a hungry mosasaur, then perhaps by a plus-sized prehistoric shark like Cretoxyrhina).

Comparative politics wk1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparative politics wk1 - Essay Example However, as the other developing countries emphasize on industrialization to foster economic development, they should consider challenges that come with industrialization, which affect the biodiversity and the environment. As industrialization gets encouraged among nations, employment, trading, and production among other benefits increases, but the side effects are noticed later after having caused much damage within and outside their context far beyond the society, organization or the nations’ control. Industrialization as an economic development strategy has led to many environmental problems, which could challenge any newly industrializing country. Industrialization Ideology and Environmental Problems The economists believe in utilization of any space and scarce resources for production as sources for wealth generation. Industrialization has worked well towards this principle leading to different kinds of factories, companies, and production firms advancing the economy thro ugh increasing GDP, employment opportunities, exports, and household income flows among others. Industrialization is viewed as a concept of industrial revolution in an area based upon technology, factories, and commerce away from entire dependency on agriculture. According to Seshandri (1991), it occurs in two senses; as a procedure which has invariably been the accompaniment or a result of economic development, or rather as set of policies leading towards economic development. In industrialization, developing factories and industries make use of the idle population as the labor force among other capital, raw materials and land inputs, but the end products introduce more harm in the environment. Environmental degradation cannot be separated from industrial processes. The growth and expansion of most processing industries not only in production, but also in transport, lighting, and other supporting industrial sectors bring about pollution as a major effect on the surroundings. Taking an example of manufacturing industries, â€Å"the most common waste products are smoke, fumes and chemicals, which can pollute the air and water supplies† (Mweti and Wyk n.d., 9). Both air and water pollution has serious effects that spread into different regions, affecting climate changes and access to clean water respectively. Other environmental problems are noise pollution and disposal of solid waste material, either on the land or buried near human settlements. Technology has lead to development of new chemicals and reactions used in the different industries to fasten and improve qualities, where used in production. Environmental Problems Caused by Industrialization In the industries, especially in manufacturing factories of agricultural and chemical products, before the end product is delivered, the consumption of power and water are key features. Depending on the mode of heating, smoke becomes an issue that the neighboring society has to deal with. It is accompanied b y emission of harmful gases that affect the respiratory systems of human beings and animals, as far as it can reach through the air. More of this is the global warming impact influencing the climate of an area. Consequently, the rain schedules delay and patterns change adversely affecting the farmers, who rely on the available good climate for their crop production. For machines to operate efficiently, it has been a matter of improving

DETERMINING YOUR PERFECT POSITION Research Paper - 1

DETERMINING YOUR PERFECT POSITION - Research Paper Example an therefore learn to be an effective leader by understanding the different approaches to leadership so as to apply the best approach in a given situation. There are a number of leadership theories which provide an understanding into the subject of leadership and enabling people to become better leaders. According to the trait theories, it is realized that effective leaders usually share a number of characteristics which enable them to lead effectively. These personality traits are innate qualities such as integrity, empathy and likability. Indeed, such qualities are very useful in the context of leadership. However, there is no combination of traits which can make somebody a better leader. In this regard, leaders are normally expected to use these traits and characteristics in addressing different situations. The traits will usually demonstrate our external behaviors. As a leader in an organization that is restructuring, I would ensure that I apply the core traits of integrity, empathy and assertiveness in addressing the challenges in the organization. I would emphasize on emotional stability in all situations while ensuring effective communication with my workers. More importantly, I would always be ready to admit mistakes and errors as opposed to focusing on covering them. This would go a long way in creating an important link with the employees. Behavioral theories focus largely on the conduct and behaviors of leaders. For instance, as a leader, it is not proper to just dictate what is to be done and then expect a smooth cooperation within the organization. In the same way, the importance and applicability of group of individual decision making must be well understood. In this respect, there are three classes of leaders: autocratic, democratic and laissez faire leaders. Autocratic leaders usually make individual decisions without consulting their team. Such leadership is appropriate in situations where quick decisions need to be made (Raatma, 2003). On the

Achilles Anophtheis (achilles Revisited) :: essays research papers

The director walked onto the stage, gingerly adjusting his radiation mask in order to fit the microphone beneath it. His nervous cough boomed through the hall. After shuffling the papers on the podium before him, he began."Welcome ladies and gentlemen of the Pre-Apocalypse Archaeological Society. We have called this session to impart to you a matter of the utmost importance, a discovery of the highest order. As you are aware, our teams have only recently been able to sift through the debris of the razed cities of our belligerent predecessors, thanks to the efforts of our colleagues at the Physical Research Society who, with the aid of Allah, have made our task infinitely easier with the invention of a radiation suit which allows our field workers to work even in areas of the highest radiation concentration: the cities of what was formerly the United States of America. The discoveries are literally pouring in, and we have our hands full simply cataloguing the numerous finds. Our first find was a small rectangular object, containing a spool of thin ribbon, which one of our historians identified as what was known as a cassette. Simply put, it was a device on which sounds could be recorded. From its small size, our historian conjectured that it was of a type designed for recording the human voice rather than music. Armed with this belief, we managed to convince the Censor Society to allow us to reconstruct the primitive machine to play back the message we hoped it would contain. They agreed; on the condition that we did not do so until they had a chance to screen it for the negative influences that caused the downfall of the last corrupt civilization. They duly approved it and we are now ready for its first public presentation."Before we begin, I would like to explain some of the terms used in the recording, for those of you who lack the benefit of an historical training. The tape is evidently the recording of a psychologist. You are all aware that the sacrilege which led to the destruction of the Nuclear Age was primarily caused by the decline in religious belief and values. A psychologist was the person who supplanted the role of the confessor in this blasphemous time. He labored under the delusion that the immortal soul was accessible on a scientific, human level; and, like most of the scientists of the day, impiously discounted Allah as an unnecessary complication.

Centerville School Essay

Studies suggest that homework benefits Jr. High Students. However some schools have different beliefs. For example, Centerville School has decided to change its homework policy. Their new policy does not require students to do homework. I disagree with this new policy, for homework has many benefits such as building responsibility and disciplining students, keeping the parent’s involved with their kids’ education and it gives students more time to practice and absorb what they learnt in class. First of all, homework is a great resource for teaching responsibility and discipline to students. It encourages good work habits. With daily homework, students learn time management, an essential life skill. They realise that not all their free  time should be used for leisure. Some of it should be used otherwise, for their studies. It teaches them responsibility to complete work on time as they may lose marks if they don’t finish it. This keeps them organized. Another benefit of homework is that it keeps parents involved with their child’s education. Parents can’t be with their kids at school, therefore are excluded from many class projects and assignments. If the kids get homework, parents can follow their child’s curriculum throughout the year. It also enhances the communication between the child and parent because it gives them something to talk about. Parents can thus monitor their child’s progress in school. Finally, homework gives students more time to practice and absorb what they learnt in class. They have more time to improve and master the skills they learnt at school. Students need this extra time and if not given as homework, teachers will have to dedicate some class time for this. This loss of class time leads to other issues, like not completing their grade curriculum in time. The extra time devoted at home to school has a positive effect on a student’s study life. All in all, Centerville School has decided to alter their homework policy. The policy was to not give their students homework. Homework teaches kids responsibility and discipline, and it involves parents in their kid’s schooling. Also, it gives students more time to exercise and expand the skills they are learning in class. Homework has many benefits and I don’t think the homework policy in Centerville School should be changed.

The Gilded Age By Mark Twain And Charles Warner - 2268 Words

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The Industrial Revolution began spreading to America in the early to mid 1800s and industries began to develop, which changed the path of our countr y forever. William Kelly and Henry Bessemer created the Bessemer steel process in the 1850s and it cut the price of steel dramatically. John D. Rockefeller became a captain of industry in the oil industry with his Standard Oil Trust corporation that became a monopoly. Rockefeller was considered a robber baron because he used dishonest methods to become rich. Andrew Carnegie was a captain of industry in the steel industry. Carnegie tried to make his company the best by making theShow MoreRelated The Gilded Age Essay1094 Words   |  5 PagesThe Gilded Age Mark Twain collaborated with Charles Dudley Warner on The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. Published in 1973, as Twain’s earliest work of extended fiction, The Gilded Age gives a name to the period of opulence and corruption at the end of the 19th century. 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